The Active Ingredients Identification and Antidiarrheal Mechanism Analysis of Plantago asiatica L. Superfine Powder

Chun-Liu Dong; Yue Qin; Jin-Xin Ma; Wen-Qiang Cui; Xing-Ru Chen; Li-Ya Hou; Xue-Ying Chen; Bello-Onaghise God'spower; Nsabimana Eliphaz; Jun-Jie Qin; Wen-Xin Guo; Wen-Ya Ding; Yan-Hua Li

doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.612478

The Active Ingredients Identification and Antidiarrheal Mechanism Analysis of Plantago asiatica L. Superfine Powder

Front Pharmacol. 2021 Jan 19:11:612478. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.612478. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Chun-Liu Dong^{1

2}, Yue Qin^{1

2}, Jin-Xin Ma^{1

2}, Wen-Qiang Cui^{1

2}, Xing-Ru Chen^{1

2}, Li-Ya Hou^{1

2}, Xue-Ying Chen^{1

2}, Bello-Onaghise God'spower^{1

2}, Nsabimana Eliphaz^{1

2}, Jun-Jie Qin³, Wen-Xin Guo⁴, Wen-Ya Ding^{1

5}, Yan-Hua Li^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
² Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China.
³ Veterinary Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Centre Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
⁴ Heilongjiang Provincial Agricultural Products and Veterinary Medicine Technical Appraisal Station, Harbin, China.
⁵ College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.

Abstract

Plantago asiatica L. is a natural medicinal plant that has been widely used for its various pharmacological effects such as antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing. This study aims to explore the antidiarrheal active ingredients of Plantago asiatica L. that can be used as quality markers to evaluate P. asiatica L. superfine powder (PSP). Molecular docking experiment was performed to identify the effective components of P. asiatica L., which were further evaluated by an established mouse diarrhea model. Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and creatine kinase (CK) activities and the Na⁺/K⁺ concentrations were determined. The gene expression of ckb and Atp1b3 was detected. PSP was prepared and evaluated in terms of the tap density and the angle of repose. The structures of PSPs of different sizes were measured by infrared spectra. The active ingredient contents of PSPs were determined by HPLC. The results indicated that the main antidiarrheal components of P. asiatica L. were luteolin and scutellarein that could increase the concentration of Na⁺ and K⁺ by upregulating the activity and gene level of CK and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase. In addition, luteolin and scutellarein could also decrease the volume and weight of small intestinal contents to exert antidiarrheal activity. Moreover, as the PSP size decreased from 6.66 to 3.55 μm, the powder tended to be amorphous and homogenized and of good fluidity, the content of active compounds gradually increased, and the main structure of the molecule remained steady. The optimum particle size of PSP with the highest content of active components was 3.55 μm, and the lowest effective dose for antidiarrhea was 2,000 mg/kg. Therefore, the antidiarrheal active ingredients of PSP were identified as luteolin and scutellarein that exert antidiarrheal activity by binding with Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase. PSP was successfully prepared and could be used as a new dosage form for the diarrhea treatment.

Keywords: Plantago asiatica L.; active ingredients; anti-diarrheal activity; luteolin; scutellarein; superfine powder.