Prevalence, Characteristics, and Associated Risk Factors of the Elderly with Hip Fractures: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES 2005-2010

Clin Interv Aging. 2021 Jan 27:16:177-185. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S291071. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Objective: This cross-sectional study was aimed to update the assessment of prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of the elderly with hip fractures in a non-institutionalized American population.

Methods: This current study included a total of 31,034 participants from the existing National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005 to 2010, and 4,265 participants aged 65 years and older were ultimately identified. Their condition of hip fractures was determined by method of questionnaires according to the orthopedic surgeons' diagnosis, and related epidemiological and demographic data were further collected. The univariate analysis was used to screen the risk factors of hip fractures in the elderly, and the logistic regression model was established to conduct the multivariate analysis.

Results: Of the total 4,265 participants with clear information of hip fractures in elderly, 127 individuals with hip fractures were identified according to results of questionnaires, exhibiting a prevalence of 28.49 per 1,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]=21.38-35.60) for males and 31.03 per 1,000 (95% CI=23.72-38.35) for females. The mean age of the elderly with hip fractures was 77.12±5.88 years and tumble (48.0%) was the primary factor. In univariate analysis, age, race, smoking, drinking alcohol, and combined with osteoporosis were regarded as risk factors. Multivariate analysis showed that age (80 years and older), living alone, smoking, combined with diabetes and osteoporosis were the independent risk factors.

Conclusion: Our nationwide data indicate the prevalence of hip fractures in the elderly is generally on the rise, and the female occupies a higher proportion. Age (especially aged 80 years and older), race (mainly Non-Hispanic white), smoking, drinking alcohol, living alone, combined with diabetes and osteoporosis may be closely linked to the occurrence of hip fractures in the elderly, although these variables still need to be verified in further prospective investigations.

Keywords: NHANES; hip fracture; prevalence; risk factor; the elderly.

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Alcohol Drinking / epidemiology
  • Comorbidity
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Hip Fractures / epidemiology*
  • Hip Fractures / ethnology
  • Hip Fractures / pathology*
  • Humans
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Nutrition Surveys
  • Osteoporosis / epidemiology
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Factors
  • Smoking / epidemiology

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the “Summit of the Six Top Talents” Program of Jiangsu Province (2013-WSW-054); Jiangsu Provincial Medical Talent, The Project of Invigorating Health Care through Science, Technology and Education (ZDRCA2016083); The Six Projects Sponsoring Talent Summits of Jiangsu Province (LGY2017099).