Performance of Salvinia molesta plants in tertiary treatment of domestic wastewater

Hauwa Mohammed Mustafa; Gasim Hayder

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06040

Performance of Salvinia molesta plants in tertiary treatment of domestic wastewater

Heliyon. 2021 Jan 24;7(1):e06040. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06040. eCollection 2021 Jan.

Authors

Hauwa Mohammed Mustafa^{1

2}, Gasim Hayder^{3

4}

Affiliations

¹ College of Graduate Studies, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
² Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Tafawa Balewa Way, P.M.B. 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria.
³ Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
⁴ Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of different weight of Salvinia molesta plants in biological treatment of domestic wastewater. Three treatment systems containing 280g (GS1), 140g (GS2) and 70g (GS3) of S. molesta plants were used for the phytoremediation process. Physicochemical analysis such as pH, colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) of the influent and effluent water samples were performed according to spectrophotometric methods. The outcome of the study demonstrated that the different weight of S. molesta plants played a significant role in improving the quality of the wastewater samples, in which GS1 removed 96.8% (colour), 91% (BOD₅), and 82.6% (COD). While up to 88.6% (colour), 87.1% (BOD₅), and 81.1% (COD) reduction was observed for GS2 treatment systems, and GS3 was efficient in removing 85.5% (colour), 86.1% (BOD₅), and 68.3% (COD). Also, a pH value of 6.29-7.19, 5.97-7.07, and 6.17-7.42 was obtained from GS1, GS2 and GS3 treatment systems, respectively. Thus, the treatment system with the highest quantity of S. molesta (GS1) demonstrated better performance compared to the other two systems (GS2 and GS3). The findings of this research can be applied in addressing the goals of sustainable development through the use of green technology to reduce the threat of water pollution in natural water bodies. Perhaps existing and future water scarcity can be resolved through the use of phytoremediation technology.

Keywords: Biological oxygen demand (BOD5); Biological treatment method; Chemical oxygen demand (COD); Colour; Hydroponic tanks; pH.