The Role of GSH in Intracellular Iron Trafficking

Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 28;22(3):1278. doi: 10.3390/ijms22031278.

Abstract

Evidence is reviewed for the role of glutathione in providing a ligand for the cytosolic iron pool. The possibility of histidine and carnosine forming ternary complexes with iron(II)glutathione is discussed and the physiological significance of these interactions considered. The role of carnosine in muscle, brain, and kidney physiology is far from established and evidence is presented that the iron(II)-binding capability of carnosine relates to this role.

Keywords: carnosine; cytosol; glutathione; histidine; labile iron.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Brain / cytology
  • Brain / metabolism
  • Carnosine / metabolism*
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Glutathione / metabolism*
  • Histidine / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / genetics
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / metabolism
  • Iron / metabolism*
  • Iron Chelating Agents / metabolism*
  • Iron Regulatory Protein 1 / genetics
  • Iron Regulatory Protein 1 / metabolism
  • Iron Regulatory Protein 2 / genetics
  • Iron Regulatory Protein 2 / metabolism
  • Kidney / cytology
  • Kidney / metabolism
  • Mitochondria / genetics
  • Mitochondria / metabolism
  • Muscles / cytology
  • Muscles / metabolism
  • RNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • RNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • HIF1A protein, human
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
  • Iron Chelating Agents
  • PCBP1 protein, human
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • Histidine
  • Carnosine
  • Iron
  • ACO1 protein, human
  • IREB2 protein, human
  • Iron Regulatory Protein 1
  • Iron Regulatory Protein 2
  • Glutathione