Purpose: Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) has proven cardiovascular effects and plays a significant role as an endogenous countermeasure to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of the current study was to examine the response of alpha-MSH during exercise in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and evaluate its value in the assessment of severity and prognosis.
Methods: Forty subjects with documented CAD (i.e., lesions on coronary angiography ≥ 50%) were included. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on a treadmill (TM) and recumbent ergometer (RE) were performed on two visits, 2-4 days apart, during 2 months of coronary angiography; subsequently, the subjects were followed up for 32 ± 10 months. At rest, at peak CPET, and after 3 min of recovery, plasma levels of alpha-MSH were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.
Results: Mean ejection fraction was 56.7 ± 9.6%. Alpha-MSH similarly increased from rest to peak CPET on both modalities. There were no significant differences in alpha-MSH values during testing in patients with 1,2- and 3-vesel CAD, nor in patients with a SYNTAX score </≥ 23 (p > 0.05). Among CPET and hormonal parameters, ∆alpha-MSH recovery/peak during RE CPET was the best predictor of cardiac event occurrence (chi-square 6.67, HR = 0.51, CI = 0.25-1.02, p = 0.010).
Conclusion: ∆alpha-MSH recovery/peak during RE CPET has predictive value for CAD prognosis, demonstrating involvement of alpha-MSH in CAD and a link between stress hormones and cardiac events.
Keywords: Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; Cardiopulmonary exercise test; Coronary artery disease.