Middle Ear and Mastoid Diseases: Literature Review and New Classification Proposal

Abstract

There are many classifications for cholesteatomatous otitis media but none correspond exactly to the formulation of a surgical protocol for the middle ear and mastoid nor are any specific for the extension of the otitis media, making it difficult to interpret the published results. All the available classifications are limited to the cholesteatoma and, moreover, the variety of the reported studies in literature does not allow a standardization to define middle ear pathology and surgical procedures. The aim of this paper is to propose a novel staging system for middle ear diseases paying attention to the involvement of tympanic Cavity (C), Attic (A), and Mastoid (M): the CAM classification. In particular, CAM classification is composed of three symbols (0 / + / ρ) and two letters (t and m, tiny and ivory mastoid cases) related to the alphabetic initial of the macroscopic region, being able to allow a clear and specific description of the local situation. Moreover, the possibility to describe the temporal bone and the potential use of sub-groups to specifically define the involvement of the tympanic cavity and the attic could allow the creation of a common otologic language among all the different centres.

Keywords: cholesteatoma and treatment modality; cholesteatoma surgery; middle ear disease; middle ear surgery; temporal bone surgery.