Three-Dimensional Printing Technology for Surgical Correction of Congenital Scoliosis Caused by Hemivertebrae

World Neurosurg. 2021 May:149:e969-e981. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.01.063. Epub 2021 Jan 27.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to explore the clinical application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in the surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebrae.

Methods: Twenty-four patients (11 in the 3D-printing group and 13 in the conventional group) with scoliosis secondary to a single hemivertebra were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent hemivertebrectomy and short-segment fixation. Virtual preoperative planning, operation simulation, and intraoperative application of 3D-printed patient-specific templates were performed in the 3D-printing group. Hemorrhage volume, operation time, transfusion, and complications were noted. Radiographic parameters were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively, and at final follow-up.

Results: All patients had different degrees of successfully corrected scoliosis. There was a similar correction of the Cobb angle postoperatively between the 2 groups. The operation time, blood loss, transfusion, time for the insertion of each screw, accuracy of screw placement, and complication rate in the 3D-printing group were significantly superior to those in the control group. No patient experienced major complications. No significant correction loss or instrument dysfunction was observed during follow-up.

Conclusions: As a viable and effective auxiliary technology, 3D printing makes it possible for surgery to meet both surgeon-specific and patient-specific requirements. 3D-printed individualized templates allow surgery for the correction of congenital scoliosis to enter a new stage of personalized precision surgery.

Keywords: 3D printing; Congenital scoliosis; Hemivertebrectomy; Surgery; Template.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Blood Transfusion / statistics & numerical data
  • Child
  • Female
  • Hemorrhage / diagnostic imaging
  • Hemorrhage / surgery
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Neurosurgical Procedures / methods*
  • Operative Time
  • Patient Care Planning
  • Pedicle Screws
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Printing, Three-Dimensional*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Scoliosis / congenital
  • Scoliosis / etiology
  • Scoliosis / surgery*
  • Simulation Training
  • Spinal Fusion
  • Spine / abnormalities*
  • Spine / surgery*
  • Treatment Outcome