Differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes of bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves in surgical aortic valve replacement

Abstract

Objectives: Patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) comprise a substantial portion of patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Our goal was to quantify the prevalence of BAV in the current SAVR ± coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) population, assess differences in cardiovascular risk profiles and assess differences in long-term survival in patients with BAV compared to patients with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV).

Methods: Patients who underwent SAVR with or without concomitant CABG and who had a surgical report denoting the relevant valvular anatomy were eligible and included. Prevalence, predictors and outcomes for patients with BAV were analysed and compared to those patients with TAV. Matched patients with BAV and TAV were compared using a propensity score matching strategy and an age matching strategy.

Results: A total of 3723 patients, 3145 of whom (mean age 66.6 ± 11.4 years; 37.4% women) had an operative report describing their aortic valvular morphology, underwent SAVR ± CABG between 1987 and 2016. The overall prevalence of patients with BAV was 19.3% (607). Patients with BAV were younger than patients with TAV (60.6 ± 12.1 vs 68.0 ± 10.7, respectively). In the age-matched cohort, patients with BAV were less likely to have comorbidities, among others diabetes (P = 0.001), hypertension (P < 0.001) and hypercholesterolaemia (P = 0.003), compared to patients with TAV. Twenty-year survival following the index procedure was higher in patients with BAV (14.8%) compared to those with TAV (12.9%) in the age-matched cohort (P = 0.015).

Conclusions: Substantial differences in the cardiovascular risk profile exist in patients with BAV and TAV. Long-term survival after SAVR in patients with BAV is satisfactory.

Keywords: Aortic valve replacement; Bicuspid aortic valve; Coronary revascularization; High-volume centre; Incidence; Surgical; Transcatheter; Transcatheter aortic valve implantation; Transcatheter aortic valve replacement.