Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and academic performance in adolescents: Does BMI status moderate this association?

Miguel Angel Tapia-Serrano; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; María Rodriguez-Ayllon; Mikel Vaquero-Solís; David Sánchez-Oliva; Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.036

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and academic performance in adolescents: Does BMI status moderate this association?

Clin Nutr. 2021 Jun;40(6):4465-4472. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.036. Epub 2021 Jan 12.

Authors

Miguel Angel Tapia-Serrano¹, Irene Esteban-Cornejo², María Rodriguez-Ayllon³, Mikel Vaquero-Solís⁴, David Sánchez-Oliva⁵, Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, Avenida Universidad, S/N, 10071, Cáceres, Spain. Electronic address: matapiase@unex.es.
² PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: ireneesteban@ugr.es.
³ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: rodriguezm@ugr.es.
⁴ Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, Avenida Universidad, S/N, 10071, Cáceres, Spain. Electronic address: mivaquero@alumnos.unex.es.
⁵ Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida Universidad, S/N, 10071, Cáceres, Spain. Electronic address: davidsanchez@unex.es.
⁶ Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, Avenida Universidad, S/N, 10071, Cáceres, Spain. Electronic address: pesanchezm@unex.es.

PMID: 33495088
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.036

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a critical period for neurodevelopment, it is characterised by the establishment of behavioural patterns that can affect children's physical, mental and cognitive health, both immediately and later in life.

Objective: The aim of the present research was to examine the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeD) and academic performance, as well as to analyze the moderating role of body mass index (BMI) status in this relationship.

Methods: This cross-sectional study had a total 1290 adolescents (13.07 ± 0.82 years old, 714 boys and 576 girls) aged 12-14 years were included in this study. Adherence to the MeD was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index. Academic performance was assessed through school records using four subjects: language, mathematics, English and grade point average (GPA).

Results: Results showed a positive association between adherence to the MeD and all academic indicators after adjusting for potential confounders (β ranging from 0.165 to 0.213, all p < 0.001). The group of good adherence to the MeD had significantly higher scores in all the academic indicators compared with the poor/average group (p < 0.01). No interaction was found between BMI status and adherence to MeD in relation to academic indicators (all p > 0.340). These differences remained significant for both normal weight and overweight/obesity groups (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that adherence to the MeD may be positively associated academic performance on adolescents regardless, of BMI status.

Keywords: Academic achievement; Aerobic fitness; Body mass index; Eating habits and school; Obesity.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Academic Performance*
Adolescent
Body Mass Index*
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet, Healthy
Diet, Mediterranean*
Female
Humans
Male