Hypertension prevalence and associated factors among patients with diabetes: A retrospective cross-sectional study from Jordan

Nosayba Al-Azzam; Sayer Al-Azzam; Lina Elsalem; Reema Karasneh

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2020.12.038

Hypertension prevalence and associated factors among patients with diabetes: A retrospective cross-sectional study from Jordan

Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2020 Dec 29:61:126-131. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.12.038. eCollection 2021 Jan.

Authors

Nosayba Al-Azzam¹, Sayer Al-Azzam², Lina Elsalem³, Reema Karasneh⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
² Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
³ Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
⁴ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Abstract

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a common comorbidity among diabetic patients. Studies reported that HTN prevalence in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) depends on many risk factors related to the disease (the type and duration of DM), patients (age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI), and medical history (glycemic control, renal problems). Best to our knowledge, limited evidence is available in this regard among Jordanian population.

Objectives: This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of HTN among patients with DM in Jordan and factors that might be associated with the concurrence of both diseases.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine HTN prevalence and risk factors among diabetic outpatients in Jordan. Patients were asked about their sociodemographic information and medical history. A descriptive analysis was used to determine HTN prevalence and a fit bivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the significant risk factors of HTN in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM).

Results: HTN was found to be concurrently occurring in approximately 80% of T2DM patients. This was found to increase with age. In addition, dyslipidemia, gout disease, ischemic heart disease, renal impairment, or a family history of HTN were found to be associated with the concurrence of HTN among T2DM patients.

Conclusion: Findings from this study highlight the need for proper monitoring of DM patients to reduce the co-occurrence of HTN. Specific attention should be directed to control the patients' glycemic and lipid profiles as well as the cardiac and renal health using non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures. This is of particular importance in T2DM patients at old age and with family history of HTN, to reduce patients' deterioration. Results from this study will also be informative for the development of public health strategies to increase the awareness of the general population regarding T2DM and HTN since both diseases are very common among Jordanian population.

Keywords: Diabetes; Dyslipidemia; Family history; Gout; Hypertension; Prevalence; Renal impairment.