The Anatomy of the Eustachian Valve-Navigating the Implications for Right-Sided Surgical and Transcatheter Cardiac Interventions

Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Clinical Anatomy and Biological Anthropology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ² Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ³ Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ⁴ Cardiovascular and Thoracic Division, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic address: yiandoc@hotmail.com.
• ⁵ Cardiovascular and Thoracic Division, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
• ⁶ Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.
• ⁷ Cardiothoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC.