From a plant secretion to the promising bone grafts: Cryogels of silicon-integrated quince seed mucilage by microwave-assisted sol-gel reaction

Hilal Deniz Yilmaz; Ugur Cengiz; Yavuz Emre Arslan; Fadime Kiran; Ahmet Ceylan

doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.11.008

From a plant secretion to the promising bone grafts: Cryogels of silicon-integrated quince seed mucilage by microwave-assisted sol-gel reaction

J Biosci Bioeng. 2021 Apr;131(4):420-433. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.11.008. Epub 2021 Jan 14.

Authors

Hilal Deniz Yilmaz¹, Ugur Cengiz², Yavuz Emre Arslan³, Fadime Kiran⁴, Ahmet Ceylan⁵

Affiliations

¹ Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Turkey.
² Surface Science Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Turkey.
³ Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Turkey. Electronic address: yavuzea@gmail.com.
⁴ Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
⁵ Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey.

PMID: 33454223
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.11.008

Abstract

Design and fabrication of biologically active cryogels using novel biopolymer(s) are still of great importance at regenerating bone defects such as traumatic bone injuries, maxillofacial surgery, osteomyelitis, and osteoporosis. Nowadays, plant mucilage, an herbal biomaterial, has been drawn attention by scientists due to their marvelous potential to fabricate 3-dimensional (3D) physical constructs for the field of regenerative medicine. Herein, a 3D cryogel from silicon-integrated quince seed mucilage (QSM) is constructed using microwave-assisted sol-gel reaction, characterized in-depth by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), solid-state silicon cross-polarization magic-angle nuclear magnetic resonance (²⁹Si-CP-MAS NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), micro-mechanical testing, porosity, and swelling tests, contact angle measurements, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller and Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BET-BJH) analysis, enzymatic biodegradation test, and field emission-scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM-EDX) mapping. The osteobiologic capacity of the cryogels is determined using human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) under in vitro conditions. Osteogenic differentiation of hAMSCs on both QSM and silica-modified QSM (Si-QSM) cryogels is analyzed by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative-real time (q-RT) PCR techniques. The results obtained from in vitro experiments demonstrate that the upregulation of osteogenesis-related genes in Si-QSM cryogels presents a stronger and earlier development over QSM cryogels throughout the culture period, which in turn reveals the great potential of this novel Si-incorporated QSM cryogels for bone tissue engineering applications.

Keywords: Bone tissue engineering; Cryogel; Microwave assisted sol–gel reactions; Quince seed mucilage; Tetraethyl orthosilicate.

MeSH terms

Bone and Bones / drug effects*
Cell Differentiation
Cryogels / chemistry*
Humans
Mesenchymal Stem Cells / drug effects
Microwaves
Phase Transition
Porosity
Regenerative Medicine
Rosaceae / chemistry*
Seeds / chemistry
Silicon / chemistry*
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Substances

Cryogels
Silicon