Trypan blue removal from water with zein sorbents and laccase

Abstract

Abstract: Zein-based materials were used to remove Trypan blue from water under flow conditions and in batch tests. In flow tests, zein dissolved at pH = 13 was injected in sand columns and subsequently coagulated with CaCl₂, to create an adsorbent filter which removed over 99% of Trypan blue. Batch tests were conducted using zein powder, zein dissolved at pH = 13 and coagulated with CaCl₂, Fe₂Cl₃ or citric acid, and zein dissolved in ethanol and then coagulated with water. The highest Trypan blue removal was achieved with zein powder (4000 mg Trypan blue/kg sorbent, as determined through spectrophotometry), followed by zein coagulated with Fe₂Cl₃ (500 mg Trypan blue/kg sorbent) and with other salts (140 mg Trypan blue/kg sorbent). Differences in the sorption efficiency are attributed to differences in the surface area. The sorption isotherm of Trypan blue onto zein-based sorbents was a Type II isotherm, suggesting physisorption. Desorption of Trypan blue was limited when zein-based coagulated sorbents were immersed in pure water. Trypan blue could be degraded by free laccase in water, as determined through spectrophotometry and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). Trypan blue could also be degraded by laccase when zein-based laccase-containing sorbents were prepared at pH = 10, using Fe₂Cl₃ as coagulant.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42452-020-04107-w.

Keywords: Dye; Laccase; Sorption; Trypan blue; Water treatment; Zein.