High-Sensitivity Glycan Profiling of Blood-Derived Immunoglobulin G, Plasma, and Extracellular Vesicle Isolates with Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Anal Chem. 2021 Feb 2;93(4):1991-2002. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03102. Epub 2021 Jan 12.

Abstract

We developed a highly sensitive method for profiling of N-glycans released from proteins based on capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI-MS) and applied the technique to glycan analysis of plasma and blood-derived isolates. The combination of dopant-enriched nitrogen (DEN)-gas introduced into the nanoelectrospray microenvironment with optimized ionization, desolvation, and CZE-MS conditions improved the detection sensitivity up to ∼100-fold, as directly compared to the conventional mode of instrument operation through peak intensity measurements. Analyses without supplemental pressure increased the resolution ∼7-fold in the separation of closely related and isobaric glycans. The developed method was evaluated for qualitative and quantitative glycan profiling of three types of blood isolates: plasma, total serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and total plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs). The comparative glycan analysis of IgG and EV isolates and total plasma was conducted for the first time and resulted in detection of >200, >400, and >500 N-glycans for injected sample amounts equivalent to <500 nL of blood. Structural CZE-MS2 analysis resulted in the identification of highly diverse glycans, assignment of α-2,6-linked sialic acids, and differentiation of positional isomers. Unmatched depth of N-glycan profiling was achieved compared to previously reported methods for the analysis of minute amounts of similar complexity blood isolates.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Electrophoresis, Capillary / methods*
  • Extracellular Vesicles / chemistry*
  • Immunoglobulin G / blood*
  • Mass Spectrometry / methods*
  • Plasma / chemistry*
  • Polysaccharides / chemistry*
  • Sensitivity and Specificity

Substances

  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Polysaccharides