Oxygen in Red Blood Cell Concentrates: Influence of Donors' Characteristics and Blood Processing

Abstract

Objective: Unexpectedly wide distribution (<10 to >90%) of hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO₂) within red cell concentrates (RCCs) has recently been observed. Causes of such variability are not yet completely explained whereas the roles of oxygen and oxidative lesions during the storage of RCCs are known. The objectives of the present study are to characterize sO₂ distribution in RCCs produced in a Swiss blood center and to investigate the influence of processing and donors' characteristics. Methods: The level of sO₂ was measured in 1701 leukocyte-depleted RCCs derived from whole blood donations in both top-bottom (TB; component filtered, SAGM) and top-top (TT; whole blood filtration, PAGGSM) RCCs. The sO₂ value was measured non-invasively through the PVC bag prior to storage by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Gender, age, blood type, hemoglobin level, and living altitude of donors, as well as process method and time-to-process were recorded. Results: Overall, the sO₂ exhibited a wide non-Gaussian distribution with a mean of 51.2 ± 18.5%. Use of top-top kits resulted in a 16% higher sO₂ (P < 0.0001) than with top-bottom ones. Waiting time before processing only had a modest impact, but the blood processing itself reduced the sO₂ by almost 12% (P < 0.0001). sO₂ was also significantly affected by some donors' characteristics. RCCs from men exhibited 25% higher sO₂ (P < 0.0001) than those donated by women. Multivariate analysis revealed that the apparent correlation observed with hemoglobin level and age was actually due to multicollinearity with the sex variable. Finally, we noticed no significant differences across blood type but found that altitude of residence was associated with the sO₂ (i.e., higher in higher living place). Conclusion: These data confirm wide sO₂ distribution in RCCs reported recently. The sO₂ was impacted by the processing and also by donors' characteristics such as the gender and the living altitude, but not by the hemoglobin level, blood group and donor age. This study provides new hints on the factors influencing red blood cells storage lesions, since they are known to be related to O₂ content within the bags, giving clues to better process and to better store RCCs and therefore potentially improve the efficacy of transfusion.

Keywords: blood processing; donor variation; donors’ characteristics; oxygen saturation (sO2); red blood cell; red blood cell concentrate; resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy; transfusion medicine.