Integration of cardiovascular risk assessment with COVID-19 using artificial intelligence

Jasjit S Suri; Anudeep Puvvula; Misha Majhail; Mainak Biswas; Ankush D Jamthikar; Luca Saba; Gavino Faa; Inder M Singh; Ronald Oberleitner; Monika Turk; Saurabh Srivastava; Paramjit S Chadha; Harman S Suri; Amer M Johri; Vijay Nambi; J Miguel Sanches; Narendra N Khanna; Klaudija Viskovic; Sophie Mavrogeni; John R Laird; Arindam Bit; Gyan Pareek; Martin Miner; Antonella Balestrieri; Petros P Sfikakis; George Tsoulfas; Athanasios Protogerou; Durga Prasanna Misra; Vikas Agarwal; George D Kitas; Raghu Kolluri; Jagjit Teji; Michele Porcu; Mustafa Al-Maini; Ann Agbakoba; Meyypan Sockalingam; Ajit Sexena; Andrew Nicolaides; Aditya Sharma; Vijay Rathore; Vijay Viswanathan; Subbaram Naidu; Deepak L Bhatt

doi:10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.236

Integration of cardiovascular risk assessment with COVID-19 using artificial intelligence

Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2020 Dec 30;21(4):541-560. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.236.

Authors

Jasjit S Suri¹, Anudeep Puvvula^{1

2}, Misha Majhail^{1

3}, Mainak Biswas⁴, Ankush D Jamthikar⁵, Luca Saba⁶, Gavino Faa⁷, Inder M Singh¹, Ronald Oberleitner⁸, Monika Turk⁹, Saurabh Srivastava¹⁰, Paramjit S Chadha¹, Harman S Suri¹¹, Amer M Johri¹², Vijay Nambi¹³, J Miguel Sanches¹⁴, Narendra N Khanna¹⁵, Klaudija Viskovic¹⁶, Sophie Mavrogeni¹⁷, John R Laird¹⁸, Arindam Bit¹⁹, Gyan Pareek²⁰, Martin Miner²¹, Antonella Balestrieri⁶, Petros P Sfikakis²², George Tsoulfas²³, Athanasios Protogerou²⁴, Durga Prasanna Misra²⁵, Vikas Agarwal²⁵, George D Kitas^{26

27}, Raghu Kolluri²⁸, Jagjit Teji²⁹, Michele Porcu⁶, Mustafa Al-Maini³⁰, Ann Agbakoba³¹, Meyypan Sockalingam³², Ajit Sexena¹⁵, Andrew Nicolaides³³, Aditya Sharma³⁴, Vijay Rathore³⁵, Vijay Viswanathan³⁶, Subbaram Naidu³⁷, Deepak L Bhatt³⁸

Affiliations

¹ Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, 95747, CA, USA.
² Annu's Hospitals for Skin and Diabetes, Nellore, 524001, AP, India.
³ Oakmount High School and AtheroPoint™, Roseville, 95747, CA, USA.
⁴ JIS University, Kolkata, 700001, West Bengal, India.
⁵ Department of ECE, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, MH, India.
⁶ Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
⁷ Department of Pathology, 09100, AOU of Cagliari, Italy.
⁸ Behavior Imaging, Boise, 83701, ID, USA.
⁹ The Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute for Advanced Study, 27749, Delmenhorst, Germany.
¹⁰ School of Computing Science & Engineering, Galgotias University, 201301, Gr. Noida, India.
¹¹ Brown University, Providence, 02912, RI, USA.
¹² Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, B0P 1R0, Ontario, Canada.
¹³ Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 77001, TX, USA.
¹⁴ Institute of Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Tecnico, 1000-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
¹⁵ Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, 110001, New Delhi, India.
¹⁶ University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000, Zagreb, Crotia.
¹⁷ Cardiology Clinic, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 104 31, Athens, Greece.
¹⁸ Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St Helena, 94574, CA, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIT, Raipur, 783334, CG, India.
²⁰ Minimally Invasive Urology Institute, Brown University, Providence, 02901, Rhode Island, USA.
²¹ Men's Health Center, Miriam Hospital Providence, 02901, Rhode Island, USA.
²² Rheumatology Unit, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 104 31, Greece.
²³ Aristoteleion University of Thessaloniki, 544 53, Thessaloniki, Greece.
²⁴ National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 104 31, Greece.
²⁵ Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226001, UP, India.
²⁶ Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, DY1, Dudley, UK.
²⁷ Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester University, M13, Manchester, UK.
²⁸ OhioHealth Heart and Vascular, 45874, Ohio, USA.
²⁹ Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 60601, Chicago, USA.
³⁰ Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Institute, M3H 6A7, Toronto, Canada.
³¹ University of Lagos, 100001, Lagos, Nigeria.
³² MV Center of Diabetes, 600001, Chennai, India.
³³ Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Centre and University of Nicosia Medical School, 999058, Cyprus.
³⁴ Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22901, VA, USA.
³⁵ Nephrology Department, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, 94203, CA, USA.
³⁶ MV Hospital for Diabetes and Professor M Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre, 600001, Chennai, India.
³⁷ Electrical Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 55801, MN, USA.
³⁸ Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02108, MA, USA.

PMID: 33387999
DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.236

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI), in general, refers to the machines (or computers) that mimic "cognitive" functions that we associate with our mind, such as "learning" and "solving problem". New biomarkers derived from medical imaging are being discovered and are then fused with non-imaging biomarkers (such as office, laboratory, physiological, genetic, epidemiological, and clinical-based biomarkers) in a big data framework, to develop AI systems. These systems can support risk prediction and monitoring. This perspective narrative shows the powerful methods of AI for tracking cardiovascular risks. We conclude that AI could potentially become an integral part of the COVID-19 disease management system. Countries, large and small, should join hands with the WHO in building biobanks for scientists around the world to build AI-based platforms for tracking the cardiovascular risk assessment during COVID-19 times and long-term follow-up of the survivors.

Keywords: COVID-19; artificial intelligence; cardiovascular; myocarditis; non-invasive monitoring; risk assessment.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Artificial Intelligence*
COVID-19 / epidemiology*
Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology*
Cardiovascular Diseases / therapy
Comorbidity
Delivery of Health Care / methods*
Humans
Pandemics*
Risk Assessment*
Risk Factors
SARS-CoV-2*