COVID-19: a cross-sectional study of suspected cases admitted to a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and factors associated with hospital death

Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2020 Dec 18;30(1):e2020750. doi: 10.1590/S1679-49742021000100023. eCollection 2020.
[Article in English, Portuguese]

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of suspected COVID-19 cases admitted to a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, and to identify factors associated with death.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using local epidemiological surveillance data as at epidemiological week 27 of 2020 and logistic regression.

Results: 376 hospitalized suspected COVID-19 cases were included; 52.9% were female, 57.4% were 50 years old or over and 80.1% had comorbidities. 195 (51.9%) COVID-19 cases were confirmed and their lethality was higher (37.9%) than among discarded cases (24.2%). In the adjusted analysis, death among confirmed cases was associated with being in the 50-69 age group (OR=11.65 - 95%CI 1.69;80.33), being aged 70 or over (OR=8.43 - 95%CI 1.22;58.14), presence of neoplasms (OR=4.34 - 95%CI 1.28;14.76) and use of invasive ventilatory support (OR=70.20 - 95%CI 19.09;258.19).

Conclusion: High prevalence of comorbidities and lethality was found; the main factors associated with death were being older, neoplasms and invasive ventilatory support.

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos casos suspeitos de COVID-19 internados em hospital federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, e identificar fatores associados ao óbito.

Métodos: Estudo seccional, utilizando dados da vigilância epidemiológica local até a Semana Epidemiológica 27 de 2020. Empregou-se regressão logística.

Resultados: Foram incluídos 376 casos internados suspeitos de COVID-19, dos quais 52,9% eram mulheres, 57,4% tinham 50 anos ou mais de idade e 80,1% exibiam comorbidades. Foram confirmados para COVID-19 195 casos (51,9%), cuja letalidade (37,9%) foi maior, comparada à dos descartados (24,2%). Na análise ajustada, associaram-se ao óbito, nos casos confirmados, ter 50 a 69 (OR=11,65 – IC95% 1,69;80,33) e 70 ou mais anos (OR=8,43 – IC95% 1,22;58,14), apresentar neoplasia (OR=4,34 – IC95% 1,28;14,76) e usar suporte ventilatório invasivo (OR=70,20 – IC95% 19,09;258,19).

Conclusão: Houve elevada prevalência de comorbidades e letalidade; os principais fatores associados ao óbito foram idade, presença de neoplasia e suporte ventilatório invasivo.

Objetivo: Describir el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de casos sospechosos de COVID-19 ingresados en hospital federal de Río de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, y factores asociados al óbito.

Métodos: Estudio transversal utilizando datos de la vigilancia epidemiológica local de casos sospechosos hospitalizados hasta la Semana Epidemiológica 27 de 2020 y regresión logística.

Resultados: Se incluyeron 376 casos, de los cuales 52,9% era de mujeres, 57,4% tenía 50 años o más, 80,1% tenía comorbilidades. Se confirmó para COVID-19 un 51,9% . Los casos confirmados tuvieron una mayor letalidad (37,9%) que los descartados (24,2%). La mortalidad ajustada en los confirmados fue mayor en los grupos de edad de 50 a 69 años (OR=11,65 – IC95% 1,69; 80,33), 70 años o más (OR=8,43 – IC95% 1,22;58,14), con neoplasia (OR=4,34 - IC95% 1,28;14,76) y uso de soporte ventilatorio invasivo (OR=70,20 – IC95% 19,09;258,19).

Conclusión: La mayor mortalidad se asoció con personas de edad avanzada, con neoplasias y uso de soporte ventilatorio invasivo.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Age Distribution
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Brazil / epidemiology
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology*
  • COVID-19 / mortality
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Hospital Mortality*
  • Hospitalization
  • Hospitals, Federal
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasms / epidemiology*
  • Prevalence
  • Respiration, Artificial / statistics & numerical data*
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Distribution
  • United States
  • Young Adult