Hybrid Li/Na Ion Batteries: Temperature-Induced Reactivity of Three-Layered Oxide (P 3-Na2/3Ni1/3Mg1/6Mn1/2O2) Toward Lithium Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

Mariya Kalapsazova; Krassimir Kostov; Ekaterina Zhecheva; Radostina Stoyanova

doi:10.3389/fchem.2020.600140

Hybrid Li/Na Ion Batteries: Temperature-Induced Reactivity of Three-Layered Oxide (P 3-Na_2/3Ni_1/3Mg_1/6Mn_1/2O₂) Toward Lithium Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

Front Chem. 2020 Nov 20:8:600140. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.600140. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Mariya Kalapsazova¹, Krassimir Kostov¹, Ekaterina Zhecheva¹, Radostina Stoyanova¹

Affiliation

¹ Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Abstract

Hybrid metal ion batteries are perceived as competitive alternatives to lithium ion batteries because they provide better balance between energy/power density, battery cost, and environmental requirements. However, their cycling stability and high-temperature storage performance are still far from the desired. Herein, we first examine the temperature-induced reactivity of three-layered oxide, P3-Na_2/3Ni_1/3Mg_1/6Mn_1/2O₂, toward lithium ionic liquid electrolyte upon cycling in hybrid Li/Na ion cells. Through ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, the structural and surface changes in P3-Na_2/3Ni_1/3Mg_1/6Mn_1/2O₂ are monitored and discussed. Understanding the relevant changes occurring during dual Li⁺ and Na⁺ intercalation into P3-Na_2/3Ni_1/3Mg_1/6Mn_1/2O₂ is of crucial importance to enhance the overall performance of hybrid Li/Na ion batteries at elevated temperatures.

Keywords: XPS analysis; hybrid metal ion batteries; ionic liquid electrolyte; layered oxides; oxide surface; sodium ion batteries; storage performance at elevated temperatures.