Hyperglycaemia and pharmacokinetics of rifampicin/isoniazid among TB-HIV co-infected patients in Kampala, Uganda

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2020 Dec 1;24(12):1234-1240. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.19.0755.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: 1) To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in patients with TB and HIV co-infection, and 2) to investigate the effect of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) on rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) serum concentrations.DESIGN: Retrospective data analysis of a cohort of HIV-infected adults with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB. Plasma glucose and TB drug levels were obtained at Week 0, 2, 8 and 24 of TB treatment.RESULTS: A total of 107 patients were included in this analysis. Random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL was found in 1/53 (2%) participant at Week 0. The prevalence of FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL decreased from 8/41 (20%) at Week 2 to 3/89 (3%) at Week 24. IFG (100-125 mg/dL) was observed in 23/41 (56%) participants at Week 2, and 39/89 (44%) at Week 24. FPG was inversely correlated with lower area under the curve (AUC0-24h) for RIF (c = -0.52; 95%CI -0.84 to -0.21; P = 0.001). FPG was not associated with lower INH AUC0-24h.CONCLUSION: We found a high prevalence of FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL, which decreased significantly during treatment, and a high proportion of IFG at the end of TB treatment. Higher FPG was associated with lower AUC for RIF.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Blood Glucose
  • Coinfection / epidemiology
  • Fasting
  • HIV Infections* / complications
  • HIV Infections* / drug therapy
  • HIV Infections* / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Hyperglycemia* / epidemiology
  • Isoniazid* / pharmacokinetics
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Rifampin* / pharmacokinetics
  • Tuberculosis* / drug therapy
  • Uganda / epidemiology

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Isoniazid
  • Rifampin