Management and outcome of hepatic artery thrombosis after pediatric liver transplantation

Pediatr Transplant. 2021 Aug;25(5):e13938. doi: 10.1111/petr.13938. Epub 2020 Dec 12.

Abstract

Background: Pediatric LT are at particular risk of HAT, and its management still constitutes a matter of debate. Our purpose was to study predisposing factors and outcome of HAT post-LT, including the impact of surgical revisions on survival and biliary complications.

Methods: Among 882 primary pediatric LT performed between 1993 and 2015, 36 HAT were encountered (4.1%, 35 fully documented). Each HAT case was retrospectively paired with a LT recipient without HAT, according to diagnosis, age at LT, type of graft, and era.

Results: Five-year patient survivals were 77.0% versus 83.9% in HAT and non-HAT paired groups, respectively (P = .321). Corresponding graft survivals were 20.0% versus 80.5% (P < .001), and retransplantation rates 77.7% versus 10.7%, respectively (P < .001). One-year biliary complication-free survivals were 16.6% versus 83.8% in the HAT and non-HAT groups, respectively (P < .001). Regarding chronology of surgical re-exploration, only HAT cases that occurred within 14 days post-LT were re-operated, fourteen of them being explored within 7 days post-LT (revascularization rate: 6/14), versus two beyond 7 days (no revascularization). When revascularization was achieved, graft and biliary complication-free survival rates at 1 year were 33.3% and 22.2%, respectively, both rates being 0.0% in case of failure.

Conclusions: The pejorative prognosis associated with HAT in terms of graft survival is confirmed, whereas patient survival could be preserved through retransplantation. Results suggest that HAT should be re-operated if occurring within 7 days post-LT, but not beyond.

Keywords: hepatic artery thrombosis; management; pediatric liver transplantation; surgical complication.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Graft Survival
  • Hepatic Artery*
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppression Therapy / methods
  • Infant
  • Liver / blood supply*
  • Liver Transplantation*
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Postoperative Complications / therapy*
  • Prognosis
  • Reoperation / statistics & numerical data
  • Risk Factors
  • Thrombosis / etiology
  • Thrombosis / therapy*
  • Young Adult