The SARS-CoV-2 ORF10 is not essential in vitro or in vivo in humans

PLoS Pathog. 2020 Dec 10;16(12):e1008959. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008959. eCollection 2020 Dec.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 genome annotation revealed the presence of 10 open reading frames (ORFs), of which the last one (ORF10) is positioned downstream of the N gene. It is a hypothetical gene, which was speculated to encode a 38 aa protein. This hypothetical protein does not share sequence similarity with any other known protein and cannot be associated with a function. While the role of this ORF10 was proposed, there is growing evidence showing that the ORF10 is not a coding region. Here, we identified SARS-CoV-2 variants in which the ORF10 gene was prematurely terminated. The disease was not attenuated, and the transmissibility between humans was maintained. Also, in vitro, the strains replicated similarly to the related viruses with the intact ORF10. Altogether, based on clinical observation and laboratory analyses, it appears that the ORF10 protein is not essential in humans. This observation further proves that the ORF10 should not be treated as the protein-coding gene, and the genome annotations should be amended.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology
  • COVID-19 / genetics
  • COVID-19 / virology*
  • Codon, Nonsense
  • Female
  • Genome, Viral*
  • Humans
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mutation*
  • Open Reading Frames / genetics*
  • Poland / epidemiology
  • SARS-CoV-2 / genetics*
  • SARS-CoV-2 / isolation & purification
  • Viral Proteins / genetics*
  • Viral Proteins / metabolism
  • Virus Replication*

Substances

  • Codon, Nonsense
  • Viral Proteins

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the subsidy from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education for the research on the SARS-CoV-2 and a grant from the National Science Center UMO-2017/27/B/NZ6/02488 to KP. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.