The arid area is mainly composed of desert, with fragile eco-environment and being extremely vulnerable to the influence of natural and human perturbations. Based on the remote sen-sing ecological index (RSEI), the arid remote sensing ecological index (ARSEI) was formed to improve the remote sensing ecological index for arid area, which was coupled with the information of greenness, humidity, salinity, heat and land degradation to quantitatively evaluate the eco-environment quality. We used ARSEI and RSEI to dynamically monitor and evaluate the eco-environment quality of Ulan Buh Desert from 2000 to 2019, and analyzed their differences and their applicability in arid area. We further examined the characteristics and reasons of the temporal and spatial variations of the eco-environment quality of Ulan Buh Desert. The results showed that the ARSEI index had better applicability to the eco-environment quality in arid area than the RSEI, and it enhanced the role of land use changes in the ecological environment quality assessment. From 2000 to 2019, the overall eco-environmental quality of Ulan Buh Desert was worse. The parts under better, good, and medium grades were mainly distributed in the northern region, the parts with worse grades were mainly concentrated in the gobi and sandy land, and the poor ones were mainly located in area with low coverage vegetation. From 2000 to 2019, the overall quality of the eco-environment in the Ulan Buh Desert were becoming better. Meanwhile, the eco-environment quality of towns and farms in the northern part of the desert changed complexly, with deterioration and improvement alternately distributed. The main reason for the changes in the eco-environment of Ulan Buh Desert was the positive effects of ecological agriculture and sand industry.
干旱区以荒漠为主要背景,生态环境脆弱,极易受到自然和人为因素的影响。为了定量评价干旱区生态环境质量,基于遥感生态指数(RSEI),针对干旱区对其进行改进,构建了干旱遥感生态指数(ARSEI),该指数耦合了绿度、湿度、盐度、热度以及土地退化度信息。利用ARSEI和RSEI对乌兰布和沙漠2000—2019年生态环境质量进行动态监测和评价,分析两者的差别及在干旱区的适用性。同时分析乌兰布和沙漠生态环境质量时空变化特征及原因。结果表明: ARSEI比RSEI对干旱区生态环境质量具有更好的适用性,ARSEI增强了土地利用类型变化在生态环境质量评价中的作用。2000—2019年,乌兰布和沙漠生态环境质量整体上为差。等级为优、良、中的部分主要分布在沙漠北部,等级为差的部分主要集中在戈壁和沙地处,较差主要在低覆盖度植被区。2000—2019年,乌兰布和沙漠生态环境质量总体变好,沙漠北部城镇或农场生态环境质量变化复杂,变差和变好交替分布。生态农业和沙产业对生态环境质量有明显的改善作用,这是乌兰布和沙漠生态环境质量变化的主要原因。.
Keywords: Ulan Buh Desert; arid remote-sensing ecological index; ecological environment quality; principal component analysis; remote sensing dynamic monitoring.