Objective: To analyze the immunological failure of antiretroviral therapy (ART), its association with baseline anemia and related factors in HIV/AIDS patients in Taizhou prefecture, during 2006-2019. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients under ART. Cox regression model was used to analyze predictors of immunological failure and logistic regression model was used to analyze factors of baseline anemia. Results: A total of 2 904 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled with a median time of 28 (P(25)-P(75):12-53) months follow-up of ART, in which 177 cases (6.1%) were identified as immunological failure with a failure rate of 2.17 per 100 person-years. The cumulative incidence rates of immunological failure in the first, third, fifth, and tenth years were 5.49%, 6.94%, 7.30% and 8.82%, respectively. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that for the risk of baseline anemia, ≥66 years old group had 4.17 times higher risk than 18-25 years old group (95%CI: 1.68-10.33), males had 0.67 times higher risk than females (95%CI: 0.50-0.89), and CD(4)(+)T cell counts (CD(4))<200 cells/μl group had 4.35 times higher risk than CD(4)≥350 cells/μl group (95%CI: 2.81-6.72), baseline white blood cells<4.0×10(9) cells/L group had 1.73 times higher risk than 4.0×10(9) cells/L-9.9×10(9) cells/L group (95%CI: 1.31-2.29), baseline platelet counts <100×10(9) cells/L and >300×10(9) cells/L groups had 2.02 times and 4.45 times higher risk than 100×10(9) cells/L-299×10(9) cells/L group (95%CI: 1.36-3.01, 95%CI: 3.05-6.50), respectively. WHO classified stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ group had 2.15 times higher risk than WHO classified stageⅠ/Ⅱ group (95%CI: 1.61-2.87), while heterosexual transmission group had 2.03 times higher risk than homosexual transmission group (95%CI: 1.42-2.92). Results of multivariate cox proportional risk regression showed that for the risk of immunological failure, baseline anemia group had 1.77 times higher risk than no anemia group (95%CI: 1.20-2.60), WHO classified stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ group had 1.66 times higher risk than WHO classified stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ group (95%CI: 1.10-2.48), and withdrawal of follow up and death groups had 3.18 times and 4.61 times higher risks than treatment group (95%CI: 1.96-5.19, 95%CI: 2.98-7.13), respectively. Conclusions: The immunological effect of ART among HIV/AIDS patients in Taizhou prefecture was affected by multiple factors, including anemia, clinical stage and follow-up status. Enhancing surveillance of baseline anemia and timely correction of anemia in elder group can help improve treatment outcome of HIV/AIDS patients.
目的： 分析台州市2006-2019年HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗免疫学失败情况、基线贫血与免疫学失败关联及其影响因素。 方法： 采用回顾性队列研究设计和Cox回归分析免疫学失败的影响因素，采用logistic回归分析HIV/AIDS基线贫血的影响因素。 结果： 共纳入2 904例HIV/AIDS，抗病毒治疗随访时间中位数为28（P(25)~P(75)：12~53）个月。抗病毒治疗免疫学失败177例（占6.1%），失败率为2.17人/100人年，第1、3、5和10年免疫学失败累积发生率分别为5.49%、6.94%、7.30%和8.82%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，HIV/AIDS基线贫血的影响因素中，≥66岁组是18~25岁组的4.17倍（95%CI：1.68~10.33）、男性是女性的0.67倍（95%CI：0.50~0.89）、CD(4)<200个/μl是CD(4)≥350个/μl的4.35倍（95%CI：2.81~6.72）、基线白细胞计数<4.0×10(9)/L是4.0×10(9)/L~9.9×10(9)/L的1.73倍（95%CI：1.31~2.29）、基线血小板计数<100×10(9)/L和>300×10(9)/L分别是100×10(9)/L~299×10(9)/L的2.02倍（95%CI：1.36~3.01）和4.45倍（95%CI：3.05~6.50）、WHO临床Ⅲ/Ⅳ期是Ⅰ/Ⅱ期的2.15倍（95%CI：1.61~2.87）、异性性传播是同性性传播的2.03倍（95%CI：1.42~2.92）。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示，HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗免疫学失败的影响因素中，基线贫血是无贫血的1.77倍（95%CI：1.20~2.60）、WHO临床Ⅲ/Ⅳ期是Ⅰ/Ⅱ期的1.66倍（95%CI：1.10~2.48）、随访状态为退出和死亡分别是在治的3.18倍（95%CI：1.96~5.19）和4.61倍（95%CI：2.98~7.13）。 结论： 台州市HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗免疫学效果受贫血、临床分期、随访状态等因素影响。应加强HIV/AIDS基线贫血监测，及时纠正老年贫血等危险因素，以进一步提高抗病毒治疗效果。.
Keywords: Anemia; Antiretroviral therapy; HIV/AIDS; Immunological failure.