Advances in cytotoxic chemotherapy, surgical oncology, genomic medicine, targeted small molecule treatment, cancer immunotherapy and biology-driven precision radiation oncology have resulted in significant improvements in outcomes of cancer treatment, with an increasing number of patients achieving long-term disease control or even being potentially cured. Concurrent advances in palliative care and geriatric oncology have also helped to ensure that patients are managed holistically by considering their physical, social, psychological and emotional needs in a personalised manner.