Short Term Usage of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in the Neonatal Rat Hippocampal Tissue

Jipeng Shi; Weiwei Wang; Guimei Sang; Huifang Xi; Yazhou Sun; Chaosheng Lu; Hezhen Ye; Limi Huang

doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.572363

Short Term Usage of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in the Neonatal Rat Hippocampal Tissue

Front Nutr. 2020 Nov 17:7:572363. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.572363. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Jipeng Shi¹, Weiwei Wang¹, Guimei Sang¹, Huifang Xi¹, Yazhou Sun¹, Chaosheng Lu², Hezhen Ye³, Limi Huang²

Affiliations

¹ Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China.
² The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China.
³ The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in neonatal rat brain. Methods: Ninety-six 3-day-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control (saline/saline), LPS/ω-3, LPS/ω-6, and LPS/saline (n = 24/group). All rats, except those in the control group, were intraperitoneally challenged once with LPS (0.6 mg/kg) and were treated with ω-3 PUFAs, ω-6 PUFAs, or saline at 15 mL/kg for 1 or 5 consecutive days beginning on the day of LPS-challenge. Rats in the control group underwent the same procedures and received saline (vehicle). After 1 or 5 days of treatment, 12 rats from each group were sacrificed and their hippocampuses were collected. The expression of inflammation-related genes as well as the levels of oxidative stress markers in hippocampal tissues were determined. Results: After 1 or 5 days of treatment, the expression of toll-like receptor 4 and multiple proinflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in the LPS/ω-3 group compared with those in the LPS/saline group. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione (GSH) were significantly elevated, whereas amounts of malondialdehyde and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the ratio of GSSG/GSH were remarkably lowered in the LPS/ω-3 group compared with those in the LPS/saline group after 1 day of treatment. Opposite effects were observed in the LPS/ω-6 group. Conclusion: ω-3 PUFAs may protect rat brain tissue against LPS-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress.

Keywords: lipopolysaccharide; neonatal rat brain; omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; oxidative stress; proinflammatory cytokines.