New vaccine production platforms used in developing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates

Takehiro Ura; Akio Yamashita; Nobuhisa Mizuki; Kenji Okuda; Masaru Shimada

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.054

New vaccine production platforms used in developing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates

Vaccine. 2021 Jan 8;39(2):197-201. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.054. Epub 2020 Nov 24.

Authors

Takehiro Ura¹, Akio Yamashita², Nobuhisa Mizuki¹, Kenji Okuda³, Masaru Shimada⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
² Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
³ Department of Molecular Biodefense Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
⁴ Department of Molecular Biodefense Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan. Electronic address: mshimada@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.

Abstract

The threat of the current coronavirus disease pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is accelerating the development of potential vaccines. Candidate vaccines have been generated using existing technologies that have been applied for developing vaccines against other infectious diseases. Two new types of platforms, mRNA- and viral vector-based vaccines, have been gaining attention owing to the rapid advancement in their methodologies. In clinical trials, setting appropriate immunological endpoints plays a key role in evaluating the efficacy and safety of candidate vaccines. Updated information about immunological features from individuals who have or have not been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 continues to guide effective vaccine development strategies. This review highlights key strategies for generating candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and considerations for vaccine development and clinical trials.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine; Vector.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis*
COVID-19 / epidemiology
COVID-19 / immunology
COVID-19 / prevention & control*
COVID-19 / virology
COVID-19 Vaccines / administration & dosage
COVID-19 Vaccines / biosynthesis*
COVID-19 Vaccines / immunology
Clinical Trials as Topic
Genetic Vectors / chemistry
Genetic Vectors / immunology
Humans
Immunity, Innate / drug effects
Immunization Schedule
Immunogenicity, Vaccine
Pandemics / prevention & control*
Patient Safety
SARS-CoV-2 / drug effects
SARS-CoV-2 / immunology*
SARS-CoV-2 / pathogenicity
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / epidemiology*
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / immunology
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / prevention & control*
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / virology
Vaccines, Attenuated
Vaccines, DNA
Vaccines, Subunit
Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle

Substances

Antibodies, Viral
COVID-19 Vaccines
Vaccines, Attenuated
Vaccines, DNA
Vaccines, Subunit
Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle