Identifying Genetic Risk Factors for Diabetic Macular Edema and the Response to Treatment

J Diabetes Res. 2020 Nov 12:2020:5016916. doi: 10.1155/2020/5016916. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). DR is complex and the term encompasses several clinical subtypes of diabetic eye disease, including diabetic macular edema (DME), the most frequent cause of central vision loss in DR patients. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathophysiology of DR and its subtypes. While numerous studies have identified several susceptibility genes for DR, few have investigated the impact of genetics on DME susceptibility. This review will focus on the current literature surrounding genetic risk factors associated with DME. We will also highlight the small number of studies investigating the genetics of response to antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection, which is used to treat DME.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aldehyde Reductase / genetics
  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Apolipoproteins E / genetics
  • Bevacizumab / therapeutic use
  • Diabetic Retinopathy / drug therapy
  • Diabetic Retinopathy / genetics*
  • Erythropoietin / genetics
  • Eye Proteins / genetics
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Humans
  • Macular Edema / drug therapy
  • Macular Edema / genetics*
  • MicroRNAs / genetics
  • Nerve Growth Factors / genetics
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase / genetics
  • Ranibizumab / therapeutic use
  • Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / therapeutic use
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / therapeutic use
  • Serpins / genetics
  • Superoxide Dismutase / genetics
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / genetics
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / genetics

Substances

  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors
  • Apolipoproteins E
  • EPO protein, human
  • Eye Proteins
  • MicroRNAs
  • Nerve Growth Factors
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Serpins
  • VEGFA protein, human
  • VEGFC protein, human
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C
  • pigment epithelium-derived factor
  • Erythropoietin
  • aflibercept
  • Bevacizumab
  • AKR1B1 protein, human
  • Aldehyde Reductase
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase
  • Superoxide Dismutase
  • superoxide dismutase 2
  • Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
  • Ranibizumab