Purpose: The immune prognostic index (IPI) has been used as a prognostic biomarker in various cancers. However, the prognostic value of the IPI in gallbladder cancer remains to be determined.
Patients and methods: This study included 139 patients who were diagnosed with gallbladder cancer after surgical resection from 2003 to 2017. We used a Kaplan-Meier curve analysis to evaluate the overall survival (OS). Cox proportional hazards regression methodology was used to identify significant independent prognostic factors. Prognostic nomograms for predicting OS were established to achieve superior discriminatory abilities. The prognostic nomograms were verified according to the concordance index, calibration curves, and decision curve analyses in the training cohort and validation cohort.
Results: Of all 139 patients, 87 (62.6%) patients accepted R0 resection, 32% and 68% were stratified into the good and poor IPI group, respectively. The median OS was 55.9 (range, 5.93-182.7) months in the good IPI group and 15.47 (range, 0.29-190.37) months in the poor IPI group (P < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox model, the IPI was an independent predictor of OS along with the CA19-9, curative resection, and postoperative chemoradiotherapy. A nomogram based on these factors was efficient in predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probabilities. The nomogram showed higher sensitivity and specificity than the current cancer TNM staging system in the training cohort and validation cohort.
Conclusion: The IPI is an independent prognostic factor in gallbladder cancer. Our IPI-based nomogram can serve as a useful and convenient prognostic tool for gallbladder cancer.
Keywords: gallbladder cancer; nomogram; overall survival; prognostic value; the immune prognostic index.
© 2020 Sun et al.