A Modified Pathological N Stage Including Status of Tumor Deposits in Colorectal Cancer With Nodal Metastasis

Jun-Peng Pei; Chun-Dong Zhang; Yu Liang; Cheng Zhang; Kun-Zhe Wu; Yong-Zhi Li; Zhe-Ming Zhao; Dong-Qiu Dai

doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.548692

A Modified Pathological N Stage Including Status of Tumor Deposits in Colorectal Cancer With Nodal Metastasis

Front Oncol. 2020 Nov 11:10:548692. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.548692. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Jun-Peng Pei¹, Chun-Dong Zhang^{1

2}, Yu Liang¹, Cheng Zhang¹, Kun-Zhe Wu¹, Yong-Zhi Li¹, Zhe-Ming Zhao¹, Dong-Qiu Dai^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
² Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
³ Cancer Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Abstract

Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th classification states that colorectal cancer (CRC) is classified as N1c stage when regional lymph nodes (LNs) are negative and tumor deposits (TDs) are positive. However, how to classify TDs when regional LNs are positive remains unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the possibility of combining positive LNs and positive TDs to develop a modified pathological N (mpN) stage for CRC.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 9,198 patients with stage III CRC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program who underwent surgery (6,440 in the training cohort and 2,758 the validation cohort). The combination of positive LNs and TD status was defined as mpN stage. Overall survival (OS) according to mpN and pathological N (pN) stages was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The area under the curves (AUCs) and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) were applied to assess the predictive discrimination abilities and goodness-of-fit of the model. The clinical benefits were measured using decision curve analyses. The validation cohort was used to validate the results.

Results: AUC analysis showed that the prognostic discrimination of mpN stage (AUC = 0.628, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.616-0.640) was better than that of pN stage (AUC = 0.618, 95% CI, 0.606-0.630, p = 0.006) for OS. The AIC demonstrated that mpN stage (AIC = 30,217) also showed superior model-fitting compared with pN stage (AIC = 30,257) and decision curve analyses revealed that mpN stage had better clinical benefits than pN stage. Similar results were found in the validation cohort.

Conclusions: Among patients with CRC and LN metastasis, mpN stage might be superior to pN stage for assessing prognosis and survival, suggesting that TD status should be included in the pN stage.

Keywords: colorectal cancer; lymph node; overall survival; prognosis; tumor deposit.