Objective:The prevalence of seasonal allergic rhinitis（SAR） is high in children and adolescents population. The aim of this study is to explore the feature of pollen allergen sensitization of SAR in children and adolescents . Method:Children and adolescents with self-reported seasonal allergic rhinitis in an allergy center of a tertiary hospital were enrolled and received skin prick test（SPT） of 13 common pollen allergens. SAR was defined with positive SPT to any pollen allergen. SPSS software was applied to analyze the differences in age, gender, sensitization pattern. Result:In total, 374（85.6%） SAR cases with self-reported seasonal allergic rhinitis were enrolled,including 213 males （57%） and 161 females （43%）. There are 198 children （2-12 years old） and 176 adolescents （13-17 years old）. The highest sensitization rate was presented in Chenopodium （73.8%） , Humulus（67.6%） and Artemisia （64.7%）.The severe sensitization was presented in Artemisia（53.7%）, Humulus（46.8%） and Chenopodium （42.0%）. No gender difference was found among different pollen allergens and sensitization patterns（P>0.05）. No age difference was found between different pollen allergens and sensitization patterns except that Cupressaceae was higher in adolescent group than that in children group（55.1% vs 42.9%, P=0.023）. Poly-sensitization rate was 57.2% in tree pollens, 59.6% in weed pollens and 81.3% in total. Significant correlation was found among different tree pollens and weed pollens（P<0.01）. Tree pollen sensitization was significantly correlated with weed pollens except Cupressaceae（P<0.01）. The mono-sensitization rate is low in all 4 weed pollen allergens ranged from 1% to 8% while 49.2% of SAR patients were allergic to all of the 4 weed pollen allergens. Conclusion:The prevalent pollen allergens in SAR were similar in children and adolescent comparing to adults. No obvious gender and age differences were found. An extensive co-sensitizations were found among pollens especially in weed pollens.
目的：对我国北方地区儿童与青少年季节性变应性鼻炎（SAR）致敏花粉的特征进行分析。 方法：回顾性分析于北京世纪坛医院变态反应中心确诊为SAR的我国北方地区儿童和青少年患者。皮肤点刺试验（SPT）所用过敏原点刺液为13种北方地区常见花粉。采用SPSS 23.0软件分析花粉过敏原的致敏在年龄、性别、致敏模式等方面的差异。 结果：374例SAR患儿纳入研究。最常见的致敏花粉为藜科（73.8%）、葎草（67.6%）、大籽蒿（64.7%）；重度致敏率较高的是大籽蒿（53.7%）、葎草（46.8%）、藜科（42.0%）。不同花粉的致敏率及致敏模式无性别差异（P>0.05）。青少年组圆柏致敏率高于儿童组（55.1% vs 42.9%，P=0.023），2组其余花粉过敏原及致敏模式比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。树木花粉的多重致敏率为57.2%，杂草花粉为59.6%。全部花粉的多重致敏率为81.3%。树木花粉间及杂草花粉间均有显著相关性（P<0.01）。除圆柏外，其他7种树木花粉与草花粉间有显著相关性（P<0.01）。4种杂草花粉的单一致敏率低（1%~8%），49.2%的患儿对4种杂草花粉均过敏。 结论：儿童和青少年期的SAR花粉的致敏率无显著性别及年龄差异。花粉间具有广泛的交叉过敏反应，尤其在杂草花粉间。.
Keywords: allergic rhinitis; distribution feature; grass pollen; pollen; poly-sensitization; tree pollen; weed pollen.
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