Objective: Little research exists on Rome IV disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI; formerly called functional gastrointestinal disorders) in outpatients with eating disorders (EDs). These data are particularly lacking for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), which shares core features with DGBI. We aimed to identify the frequency and nature of DGBI symptoms among outpatients with EDs.
Method: Consecutively referred pediatric and adult patients diagnosed with an ED (n = 168, 71% female, ages 8-76 years) in our tertiary care ED program between March 2017 and July 2019 completed a modified Rome IV Questionnaire for DGBI and psychopathology measure battery.
Results: The majority (n = 122, 72%) of participants reported at least one bothersome gastrointestinal symptom. Sixty-six (39%) met criteria for a DBGI, most frequently functional dyspepsia-post-prandial distress syndrome subtype (31%). DGBI were surprisingly less frequent among patients with ARFID (30%) versus EDs that are associated with shape or weight concerns (45%; X2 [1] = 3.61, p = .058, Cramer's V = .147). Among those with ARFID, DGBI presence was associated with the fear of aversive consequences prototype and multiple comorbid prototype presence.
Discussion: We demonstrated notable overlap between DGBI and EDs, particularly post-prandial distress symptoms. Further research is needed to examine if gastrointestinal symptoms predict or are a result of greater ED pathology, including ARFID prototypes.
Keywords: avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder; disorder of gut-brain interaction; dyspepsia; feeding and eating disorders; functional constipation; functional dyspepsia-post-prandial distress; functional gastrointestinal disorder; irritable bowel syndrome.
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