In Vitro Efficacy of Aqueous and Methanol Extract of Cassia siamea Against the Motility of Caenorhabditis elegans

Trop Life Sci Res. 2020 Oct;31(3):145-159. doi: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.3.10. Epub 2020 Oct 15.

Abstract
in English, Malay (macrolanguage)

Gastrointestinal nematode infections can cause great losses in revenue due to decrease livestock production and animal death. The use of anthelmintic to control gastrointestinal nematode put a selection pressure on nematode populations which led to emergence of anthelmintic resistance. Because of that, this study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of aqueous and methanol extract of Cassia siamea against the motility of C. elegans Bristol N2 and C. elegans DA1316. Caenorhabditis elegans Bristol N2 is a susceptible strain and C. elegans DA1316 is an ivermectin resistant strain. In vitro bioassay of various concentrations of (0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 2.0 mg mL-1) aqueous and methanol extracts of C. siamea was conducted against the motility of L4 larvae of C. elegans Bristol N2 and C. elegans DA1316. The L4 larvae were treated with 0.02 μg mL-1 of ivermectin served as positive control while those in M9 solution served as negative control. The activity of the extracts was observed after 24 h and 48 h. A significant difference was recorded in the extract performance compared to control at (P < 0.001) after 48 h against the motility of the larvae of both strains. The methanol extracts inhibited the motility of C. elegans Bristol N2 by 86.7% as well as DA1316 up to 84.9% at 2.0 mg mL-1 after 48 h. The methanol extract was more efficient than aqueous extract (P < 0.05) against the motility of both strains of C. elegans. Cassia siamea may be used as a natural source of lead compounds for the development of alternative anthelmintic against parasitic nematodes as well ivermectin resistant strains of nematodes.

Jangkitan nematod gastrousus boleh menyebabkan kerugian besar hasil disebabkan oleh pengurangan pengeluaran dan kematian haiwan. Penggunaan antelmintik untuk kawalan nematod gastrousus telah menyebabkan tekanan pilihan yang menjurus kepada kemunculan kerintangan antelmintik. Oleh sebab itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji keberkesanan ekstrak akueus dan metanol Cassia siamea terhadap motiliti C. elegans Bristol N2 dan C. elegans DA1316. Caenorhabditis elegans Bristol N2 merupakan strain rentang dan C. elegans DA1316 merupakan strain rintang ivermektin. Bioasai in vitro kepelbagaian kepekatan (0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 dan 2.0 mg mL−1) ekstrak akueus dan ekstrak metanol C. siamea dijalankan terhadap motiliti L4 C. elegans Bristol N2 dan C. elegans DA1316. Larva L4 yang dirawat dengan 0.02 μg mL−1 ivermektin dijadikan sebagai kawalan positif manakala, larutan M9 dijadikan sebagai kawalan negatif. Aktiviti ekstrak itu diperhatikan selepas 24 jam dan 48 jam. Perbezaan yang signifikan dicatatkan pada prestasi ekstrak berbanding dengan kawalan pada (P < 0.001) selepas 48 jam terhadap motiliti larva bagi kedua strain. Ekstrak metanol merencat motiliti larva C. elegans Bristol N2 86.7% dan C. elegans DA1316 sehingga 84.9% selepas 48 jam pada kepekatan 2.0 mg mL−1. Ekstrak metanol lebih berkesan daripada ekstrak akueus (P < 0.05) terhadap motiliti kedua-dua jenis C. elegans. Cassia siamea boleh digunakan sebagai sumber semula jadi sebatian utama untuk pembangunan anthelmin alternatif terhadap nematod parasit dan juga nematod rintang ivermektin.

Keywords: Anthelmintic; C. elegans; Ethnoveterinary; Inhibition; Motility.