Freshwater diatom biomonitoring through benthic kick-net metabarcoding

PLoS One. 2020 Nov 18;15(11):e0242143. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242143. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Biomonitoring is an essential tool for assessing ecological conditions and informing management strategies. The application of DNA metabarcoding and high throughput sequencing has improved data quantity and resolution for biomonitoring of taxa such as macroinvertebrates, yet, there remains the need to optimise these methods for other taxonomic groups. Diatoms have a longstanding history in freshwater biomonitoring as bioindicators of water quality status. However, multi-substrate periphyton collection, a common diatom sampling practice, is time-consuming and thus costly in terms of labour. This study examined whether the benthic kick-net technique used for macroinvertebrate biomonitoring could be applied to bulk-sample diatoms for metabarcoding. To test this approach, we collected samples using both conventional multi-substrate microhabitat periphyton collections and bulk-tissue kick-net methodologies in parallel from replicated sites with different habitat status (good/fair). We found there was no significant difference in community assemblages between conventional periphyton collection and kick-net methodologies or site status, but there was significant difference between diatom communities depending on site (P = 0.042). These results show the diatom taxonomic coverage achieved through DNA metabarcoding of kick-net is suitable for ecological biomonitoring applications. The shift to a more robust sampling approach and capturing diatoms as well as macroinvertebrates in a single sampling event has the potential to significantly improve efficiency of biomonitoring programmes that currently only use the kick-net technique to sample macroinvertebrates.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biodiversity
  • Biofilms
  • Biological Monitoring
  • Computational Biology
  • DNA / analysis
  • DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic*
  • Diatoms / genetics*
  • Diatoms / physiology
  • Ecosystem
  • Environmental Monitoring / methods*
  • Fresh Water
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Invertebrates
  • Periphyton / genetics*
  • Periphyton / physiology
  • Rivers
  • Water Quality

Substances

  • DNA

Grants and funding

This study is funded by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and Ontario Genomics. Teresita Porter was funded by the Government of Canada through the Genomics Research and Development Initiative (GRDI) Metagenomics-Based Ecosystem Biomonitoring Project (Ecobiomics).The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.