Training intensity and improvements in exercise capacity in elderly patients undergoing European cardiac rehabilitation - the EU-CaRE multicenter cohort study

PLoS One. 2020 Nov 13;15(11):e0242503. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242503. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Objectives: Guidelines for exercise intensity prescription in Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) are inconsistent and have recently been discussed controversially. We aimed (1) to compare training intensities between European CR centres and (2) to assess associations between training intensity and improvement in peak oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]O2) in elderly CR patients.

Methods: Peak [Formula: see text]O2, heart rate and work rate (WR) at the first and second ventilatory thresholds were measured at start of CR. Training heart rate was measured during three sessions spread over the CR. Multivariate models were used to compare training characteristics between centres and to assess the effect of training intensity on change in peak [Formula: see text]O2.

Results: Training intensity was measured in 1011 out of 1633 EU-CaRE patients in 7 of 8 centers and the first and secondary ventilatory threshold were identified in 1166 and 817 patients, respectively. The first and second ventilatory threshold were found at 44% (SD 16%) and 78% (SD 9%) of peak WR and 78% (SD 9%) and 89% (SD 5%) of peak heart rate, respectively. Training intensity and session duration varied significantly between centres but change in peak [Formula: see text]O2 over CR did not. Training above the first individual threshold (β 0.62, 95% confidence interval [0.25-1.02]) and increase in training volume per hour (β 0.06, 95%CI [0.01-0.12]) were associated with a higher change in peak [Formula: see text]O2.

Conclusion: While training intensity and volume varied greatly amongst current European CR programs, changes in peak [Formula: see text]O2 were similar and the effect of training characteristics on these changes were small.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Multicenter Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Cardiac Rehabilitation / methods
  • Cohort Studies
  • Europe
  • Exercise / physiology*
  • Exercise Test / methods
  • Exercise Therapy / methods*
  • Exercise Tolerance / physiology*
  • Female
  • Heart Rate / physiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Oxygen Consumption / physiology
  • Prospective Studies
  • Pulmonary Gas Exchange / physiology

Grants and funding

For the Swiss consortium partner (TM, PE, MW), funding was received by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation under contract number 15.0139. All other authors received funding by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634439. LP and EK received support in the form of a salary from Diagram B.V., a contract research organization. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.