Amino acid modification plays an important role across several fields, including synthetic organic chemistry, materials science, targeted drug delivery and the probing of biological function. Although a myriad of methods now exist for the modification of peptides or proteins, many of these target a handful of the most reactive proteinogenic amino acids. Photocatalysis has recently emerged as a mild approach for amino acid modification, generating a sizable toolbox of reactions capable of modifying almost all of the canonical amino acids. These reactions are characterised by their mild, physiologically compatible conditions, greatly enhancing their usefulness for amino acid modification. This review aims to introduce the field of photocatalytic amino acid modification and discusses the most recent advances.