Coronaviruses are a type of positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus with envelope and widely exist in nature to cause respiratory infectious diseases. The novel coronavirus is a new outbreak virus that is susceptible to all people. Up to now, the disease has been widely spread in the world and poses a great threat to public health. In this review, the genomic features, key proteins, host infection and replication of coronaviruses and novel coronaviruses are reviewed in order to provide theoretical basis for the study of the pathogenic mechanism of virus infection on host cells and to provide basic support for the development of specific antiviral drugs.
冠状病毒是一类具有囊膜包裹的线性单股正链 RNA 病毒，在自然界广泛存在，可引起不同程度的呼吸性传染病。新型冠状病毒是一种新发突发病毒，对各类人群均易感。截止目前，该病已经在世界范围内广泛流行，对公共卫生安全构成极大的威胁。文中从冠状病毒及新型冠状病毒的基因组特征、关键蛋白、对宿主的感染和复制的角度加以综述，旨在为获得病毒侵染宿主细胞致病机制的探究提供理论依据，也为特异的抗病毒药物的研发提供基础支持。.
Keywords: S protein; SARS-CoV-2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; host; nonstructural protein.