The erosion of ambiguity tolerance and sustainment of perfectionism in undergraduate medical training: results from multiple samplings of a single cohort

Silvio Ndoja; Saad Chahine; Donald H Saklofske; Brent Lanting

doi:10.1186/s12909-020-02345-5

The erosion of ambiguity tolerance and sustainment of perfectionism in undergraduate medical training: results from multiple samplings of a single cohort

BMC Med Educ. 2020 Nov 10;20(1):417. doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02345-5.

Authors

Silvio Ndoja¹, Saad Chahine², Donald H Saklofske³, Brent Lanting^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada. silviondoja@gmail.com.
² Faculty of Education, Queen's University, Duncan McArthur Hall, 511 Union St W, Kingston, ON, K7M 5R7, Canada.
³ Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
⁴ Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
⁵ London Health Sciences, 339 Windermere Rd, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.

Abstract

Background: Medicine is a field that is simultaneously factual and ambiguous. Medical students have their first exposure to full time clinical practice during clerkship. While studies have examined medical trainees' tolerance of ambiguity (TOA), the extent to which TOA is affected by clinical experiences and its association with perfectionism is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of clerkship experience on TOA and perfectionism in medical students.

Methods: This was a multiple sampling, single cohort study of students in their first year of clinical clerkship which is comprised of 6 core rotations. Consenting students completed an online anonymous survey assessing their tolerance of ambiguity (TOA) and perfectionism in their first (pre) and last (post) 12 weeks of their clinical clerkship year. Tolerance of Ambiguity in Medical Students and Doctors (TAMSAD) and The Big Three perfectionism scale-short form (BTPS-SF) were used to assess TOA and perfectionism respectively. Pre-Post mean comparisons of TOA and perfectionism were assessed via t-tests.

Results: From a cohort of 174 clinical clerkship students, 51 students responded to pre-survey, 62 responded to post-survey. Clerkship was associated with a significant decrease in TOA (p < 0.00) with mean pre-TOA scores of 59.57 and post TOA of 43.8. Perfectionism scores were not significantly different over time (p > 0.05). There was a moderate inverse correlation between TOA and perfectionism before clerkship (r = 0.32) that increased slightly after clerkship (r = 0.39). Those preferring primary care specialties had significantly lower rigid and total perfectionism scores in pre-clerkship than those choosing other specialties, but this difference was not found post-clerkship.

Conclusion: Exposure to clerkship decreased TOA while perfectionism remained stable in medical students. These results were not expected as exposure has been previously shown to increase TOA. The frequency of rotation changes maintaining a cycle of anxiety may be an underlying factor accounting for these results. Overall these results require further investigation to better characterize the role of clinical exposure on TOA.

Keywords: Clerkship; Medical students; Perfectionism; Tolerance of ambiguity.

MeSH terms

Clinical Clerkship*
Cohort Studies
Education, Medical, Undergraduate*
Humans
Perfectionism*
Students, Medical*

Grants and funding

NA/London Health Sciences Arthroplasty research Fund