Characterization of phytochemicals, minerals and in vitro medicinal activities of bael (Aeglemarmelos L.) pulp and differently dried edible leathers

Sudipta Kumar Hazra; Tanmay Sarkar; Molla Salauddin; Hassan I Sheikh; Siddhartha Pati; Runu Chakraborty

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05382

Characterization of phytochemicals, minerals and in vitro medicinal activities of bael (Aeglemarmelos L.) pulp and differently dried edible leathers

Heliyon. 2020 Oct 30;6(10):e05382. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05382. eCollection 2020 Oct.

Authors

Sudipta Kumar Hazra¹, Tanmay Sarkar^{1

2}, Molla Salauddin¹, Hassan I Sheikh³, Siddhartha Pati^{4

5}, Runu Chakraborty¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
² Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, West Bengal 732102, India.
³ Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, University MalaysiaTerengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
⁴ Research Divisions, Association for Biodiversity Conservation and Research (ABC), Balasore, 756001 Odisha, India.
⁵ Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Abstract

Aegle marmelos (L.) is a seasonal fruit that contains significant amounts of bioactives like, phenolic acids (gallic acids, 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid), flavonoid (rutin), organic acids (oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid), vitamin C, vitamin B group (thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, biotin, cobalamins, riboflavin), tocopherols (α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol), carotenes (α-carotene, β-carotene, γ-carotene, δ-carotene) and also rich in essential minerals (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, copper, manganese). This study provides a comprehensive composition analysis (determined using RP-HPLC and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Spectroscopy). In vitro medicinal activities (antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-diabetic activity) are quantified for different bael samples. The study also investigates the changes of these bioactive components with freeze, sun, hot air, and microwave drying. The study gives a proper vision to preserve the nutraceutically rich pulp by converting it into fruit leather.

Keywords: EDXRF analysis; Food science; Freeze drying; Hot air drying; In vitro nutraceutical Activities; Microwave drying; Multivariate analysis; Natural product chemistry; Organic acids; Polyphenols; Sun drying; Vitamins.