Background: Medulloscopy refers to the visualization of the intramedullary canal with an arthroscope, providing access to the infection site without the need for an extensive approach therefore not compromising the surrounding soft tissue. It provides information regarding the extent of the infected endosteal surface of bone, and it allows a thorough debridement of the intramedullary canal in a controlled manner. Therefore, it can be used as an adjunct to traditional open surgical techniques, to perhaps help to visualize hard to see intramedullary areas.
Materials and methods: This article reports a patient with chronic osteomyelitis of the distal metaphysis of the femur that was treated successfully with intramedullary debridement through medulloscopy. The sinus tract reaching down to the femoral bone and communicating with the intramedullary canal was excised, and a cortical window was formed through which the arthroscope was inserted and thorough irrigation of the intramedullary canal and excision of necrotic and infected bone was done. A second medulloscopy through the same approach was necessary 3 months later because of persistent infection. RE: SULTS: At 3-year follow-up, the patient was well without any clinical or radiographic evidence of recurrent infection.
Conclusion: Medulloscopy can be very useful in localized osteomyelitis as an adjunct to traditional surgical techniques; it helps to visualize hard to see intramedullary areas and adequately addresses the infection, while the damage to surrounding soft-tissue is limited.
Keywords: Femur; Medulloscopy; Osteomyelitis.