Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of a spectrum of autoantibodies in adult patients with non-infectious uveitis compared to healthy controls.
Methods: This is a case-control study conducted in a tertiary referral center. Serum positivity to auto-antibodies directed at membranous phospholipids (aPL), nuclear antigens, and cytoplasmic (ANCA) antigens were assessed in sera from 63 non-infectious uveitis patients, and 78 healthy controls. Uveitis patients' demographic and clinical data were collected retrospectively from their medical charts.
Results: Of the spectrum of antibodies evaluated only aPL were linked with uveitis (OR 11.2, CI 1.4-92.1), as 13 (20.6%) uveitis patients were positive to at least one of the screened aPL, namely either anti-cardiolipin (aCL), anti-β2-glycoprotein (aβ2GPI), or anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT). aCL antibodies were detected in 5/63 (7.9%) of uveitis patients and in none of controls (p = 0.016). Positivity to either aCL or aβ2GPI was noted in 8/63 (12.7%) of uveitis patients and in 1 (1.3%) of the controls (p = 0.011). Of the 13 uveitis patients positive to any of the aPL antibodies, 8 (62%) had exclusively anterior uveitis, 9 (69%) were idiopathic, and none had evidence of posterior vaso-occlusive involvement or systemic thrombotic manifestations.
Conclusion: An association between aPL and uveitis among an unselected population of patients with no evidence of thrombosis or presence of the antiphospholipid syndrome was documented in this study. This link was observed, alike the general population of uveitis patients, mainly in patients with anterior eye inflammation. A possible interaction between aPL and uveitis, mediated by non-thrombotic mechanisms, requires further studies.
Keywords: ANA; ANCA; APLA; Uveitis; anti-cardiolipin; anti-phospholipid; antibodies; antinuclear; iritis.