Beyond the HIV Care Continuum and Viral Suppression: Broadening the Scope of Quality Metrics for Total HIV Patient Care

AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2020 Nov;34(11):461-469. doi: 10.1089/apc.2020.0145.

Abstract

Assessing quality care for people with HIV (PWH) should not be limited to reporting on HIV Care Continuum benchmarks, particularly viral suppression rates. At Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States (KPMAS), an integrated health system providing HIV care in the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia, we created a comprehensive measure of HIV quality care, including both preventative measures and clinical outcomes. We included PWH ≥18 years old with ≥6 months KPMAS membership between 2015 and 2018. Process quality metrics (QMs) include: pneumococcal vaccination and influenza vaccination; primary care physician (PCP) and/or HIV/infectious disease (HIV/ID) visits with additional HIV/ID visit; antiretroviral treatment medication fills; and syphilis and gonorrhea/chlamydia screenings. Outcome QMs include HIV RNA <200/mL and other measurements within normal range [blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, blood sugar, alanine transaminase, low-density lipoproteins, estimated glomerular filtration rate]; no hospitalization/emergency department visit; no new depression diagnosis; remaining or becoming a nonsmoker. Logistic models estimated odds of achieving QMs associated with sex, age, race/ethnicity, insurance type, and HIV risk. A total of 4996 observations were analyzed. 45.6% met all process QMs, while 19.6% met all outcome QMs. Least frequently met process QM was PCP or HIV/ID visit (74.5%); least met outcome QM was BMI (60.2%). Significantly lower odds of achieving all QMs among women {odds ratio (OR) = 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49-0.81]} and those with Medicaid and Medicare [vs. commercial; OR = 0.48 (95% CI: 0.30-0.76) and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.31-0.71)]. Broadening the scope of HIV patient care QMs beyond viral suppression helps identify opportunities for improvement. Successful process metrics do not necessarily coincide with greater outcome metrics.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS; outcome metrics; process metrics; quality care; quality metrics.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Benchmarking
  • Continuity of Patient Care*
  • District of Columbia / epidemiology
  • Electronic Health Records
  • Female
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy*
  • HIV Infections / epidemiology
  • HIV Infections / virology
  • Humans
  • Insurance Coverage
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Outcome Assessment, Health Care
  • Quality of Health Care*
  • United States
  • Viral Load / drug effects*