Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Reverse Genetics and the Major Applications

Jayeshbhai Chaudhari; Hiep L X Vu

doi:10.3390/v12111245

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Reverse Genetics and the Major Applications

Viruses. 2020 Oct 31;12(11):1245. doi: 10.3390/v12111245.

Authors

Jayeshbhai Chaudhari^{1

2}, Hiep L X Vu^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
² School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
³ Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus that is known to infect only pigs. The virus emerged in the late 1980s and became endemic in most swine producing countries, causing substantial economic losses to the swine industry. The first reverse genetics system for PRRSV was reported in 1998. Since then, several infectious cDNA clones for PRRSV have been constructed. The availability of these infectious cDNA clones has facilitated the genetic modifications of the viral genome at precise locations. Common approaches to manipulate the viral genome include site-directed mutagenesis, deletion of viral genes or gene fragments, insertion of foreign genes, and swapping genes between PRRSV strains or between PRRSV and other members of the Arteriviridae family. In this review, we describe the approaches to construct an infectious cDNA for PRRSV and the ten major applications of these infectious clones to study virus biology and virus-host interaction, and to design a new generation of vaccines with improved levels of safety and efficacy.

Keywords: PRRSV; reverse genetics; swine viruses.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Review

MeSH terms

Animals
DNA, Complementary
Genome, Viral*
Host Microbial Interactions / genetics*
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / virology
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / genetics*
Reverse Genetics*
Swine / virology
Virus Replication

Substances

DNA, Complementary