Objective: To examine the feasibility of small drain in transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA). Methods: A prospective research was performed in Department of Oncology Plastic Surgery/Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, from October 2018 to March 2019. Totally 103 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, signed the operation agreement of TOETVA, had their surgery completed and followed-up over 6 months, were enrolled in analysis. A central venous catheter was used as a drain tube in all cases (outer diameter 1.7 mm, inner diameter 1.0 mm). Visual analogue scale (VAS) was applied for assessing pain scores during the first 24 hours after the operation. Vancouver scar scale (VSS) was used for assessing the scar left by the drainage. The drainage volume (minimum scale:10 ml, approximate read: 1 ml) was recorded every 2 hours during the first postoperative 12 hours, every 4 hours during 12 to 24 hours, every 8 hours during 24 to 48 hours, and once from 48 hours until extubation. The volume of drainage, the cumulative volume and the percentage of cumulative volume accounting for the total volume were calculated. The data of residual volume (subtract the cumulative volume from the total volume) in the postoperative 24, 32 and 40 hours were analyzed, and their upper one-side P(95) was calculated by percentile method. Results: There were 12 males and 91 females. The age was (36.6±9.7) years (range: 18 to 58 years). The intraoperative tube-inserting time was (10.1±2.6) minutes (range: 6 to 18 minutes). The pain score on the first day was 2.7±1.1 (range: 1 to 5). The extubation time was (2.7±0.5) days (range: 2 to 4 days). VSS scores in the postoperative 1(st) month and 6(th) month were 2.9±1.3 (range: 0 to 7) and 0(2)(M(Q(R))), respectively. The size of the scar was 0 (2.5) mm in the postoperative 6(th) month. Sixty-four patients had no visible scars. There were 5 patients who had postoperative drain-related complications (1 for air leakage, 1 for tube blockage, 3 for subcutaneous hydrop, 2 for regional infection), who were all cured after proper treatment. The total volume of drainage for 98 patients without postoperative drain-related complications was (80.1±12.2) ml (range: 58 to 131 ml). The cumulative drainage within 8 hours accounted for (53.8±4.2)% (range: 41.0% to 62.9%) of the total drainage. The volume of residual fluids in the postoperative 32 hours was estimated to (5.8±2.7) ml (range: 0 to 12 ml,P(95)=10.0 ml). Conclusions: The small drain tubecan be applied in TOETVA, providing a satisfied cosmetic appearance and a reliable drainage. The main exudation period of the wound is within 8 hours after the operation. If a residual volume less than 10 ml is considered to be self-absorbable, the shortest safe extubation point for 95% patients without drain-related complications should be 32 hours after the operation.
目的： 探讨经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺手术（TOETVA）中小管径引流的可行性。 方法： 前瞻性收集2018年10月至2019年3月在湖南省肿瘤医院肿瘤整形/头颈外科接受TOETVA、并使用高负压下小管径引流的103例患者的临床资料。所有患者均签署手术知情同意书，完成手术并随访满6个月。小管径引流使用一次性单腔中心静脉导管，外径1.7 mm，内径1.0 mm。采用视觉模拟评分评价术后疼痛情况，采用温哥华瘢痕量表评价颈部瘢痕情况。分时段记录术后引流量：前12 h每2小时记录一次，12~24 h每4小时记录一次，24~48 h每8小时记录一次，48 h后至拔管前记录一次。计算术后各分时段的引流量、累积引流量、累积引流量占总体引流量的百分比，并计算24、32、40 h后的剩余引流量（总体引流量减去该时段的累积引流量），应用百分位数法计算剩余引流量的单侧上限95%界值（P(95)）。 结果： 男性12例，女性91例，年龄（36.6±9.7）岁（范围：18~58岁）。术中留置引流管的操作时间为（10.1±2.6）min（范围：6~18 min），术后第1天疼痛视觉模拟评分为（2.7±1.1）分（范围：1~5分），术后拔管时间为（2.7±0.5）d（范围：2~4 d）。引流管置管处瘢痕评分：术后1个月为（2.9±1.3）分（范围：0~7分），术后6个月为0（2）分[M（Q(R)）]。术后6个月瘢痕最大径为0（2.5）mm，其中64例患者无肉眼可见瘢痕。共5例发生引流相关并发症，积极处理后均好转。98例无引流相关并发症的患者总体引流量为（80.1±12.2）ml（范围：58~131 ml）。术后8 h累积引流量分别占总体引流量的（53.8±4.2）%（范围：41.0%~62.9%）。术后32 h估计剩余未引流出的积液体积为（5.8±2.7）ml（范围：0~12 ml，P(95)=10.0 ml）。 结论： 小管径引流用于TOETVA术后引流可取得较好的临床效果。创面主要渗出期在术后8 h内，术后32 h拔管是安全的。.
Keywords: Drainage; Endoscopy; Thyroid diseases; Thyroidectomy, transoral.