Mechanism of aminoacyl-tRNA acetylation by an aminoacyl-tRNA acetyltransferase AtaT from enterohemorrhagic E. coli

Abstract

Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria contribute to stress adaptation, dormancy, and persistence. AtaT, a type-II toxin in enterohemorrhagic E. coli, reportedly acetylates the α-amino group of the aminoacyl-moiety of initiator Met-tRNAf^Met, thus inhibiting translation initiation. Here, we show that AtaT has a broader specificity for aminoacyl-tRNAs than initially claimed. AtaT efficiently acetylates Gly-tRNA^Gly, Trp-tRNA^Trp, Tyr-tRNA^Tyr and Phe-tRNA^Phe isoacceptors, in addition to Met-tRNAf^Met, and inhibits global translation. AtaT interacts with the acceptor stem of tRNAf^Met, and the consecutive G-C pairs in the bottom-half of the acceptor stem are required for acetylation. Consistently, tRNA^Gly, tRNA^Trp, tRNA^Tyr and tRNA^Phe also possess consecutive G-C base-pairs in the bottom halves of their acceptor stems. Furthermore, misaminoacylated valyl-tRNAf^Met and isoleucyl-tRNAf^Met are not acetylated by AtaT. Therefore, the substrate selection by AtaT is governed by the specific acceptor stem sequence and the properties of the aminoacyl-moiety of aminoacyl-tRNAs.