Visceral leishmaniasis is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the species of the genus Leishmania infantum. The clinical picture includes fever, splenomegaly, leucopenia, anaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia. There may also be a drop in plasma fibrinogen levels or an increase in plasma fibrinolytic activity. Furthermore, visceral leishmaniasis may be the trigger for secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. On the other hand, disseminated intravascular coagulation may also result. The International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis has recommended the use of a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation. An association between visceral leishmaniasis and consumption coagulopathy is not frequent. Our systematic literature review from 1967 to 2019 pointed to the report of only 16 cases. Our case demonstrates that it is necessary to be aware of the existence of this association.
Keywords: Visceral leishmaniasis; consumption coagulopathy; pancytopenia.