A CRISPR and high-content imaging assay compliant with ACMG/AMP guidelines for clinical variant interpretation in ciliopathies

Hum Genet. 2021 Apr;140(4):593-607. doi: 10.1007/s00439-020-02228-1. Epub 2020 Oct 23.

Abstract

Ciliopathies are a broad range of inherited developmental and degenerative diseases associated with structural or functional defects in motile or primary non-motile cilia. There are around 200 known ciliopathy disease genes and whilst genetic testing can provide an accurate diagnosis, 24-60% of ciliopathy patients who undergo genetic testing do not receive a genetic diagnosis. This is partly because following current guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and the Association for Molecular Pathology, it is difficult to provide a confident clinical diagnosis of disease caused by missense or non-coding variants, which account for more than one-third of cases of disease. Mutations in PRPF31 are the second most common cause of the degenerative retinal ciliopathy autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Here, we present a high-throughput high-content imaging assay providing quantitative measure of effect of missense variants in PRPF31 which meets the recently published criteria for a baseline standard in vitro test for clinical variant interpretation. This assay utilizes a new PRPF31+/- human retinal cell line generated using CRISPR gene editing to provide a stable cell line with significantly fewer cilia in which novel missense variants are expressed and characterised. We show that high-content imaging of cells expressing missense variants in a ciliopathy gene on a null background can allow characterisation of variants according to the cilia phenotype. We hope that this will be a useful tool for clinical characterisation of PRPF31 variants of uncertain significance, and can be extended to variant classification in other ciliopathies.

MeSH terms

  • CRISPR-Cas Systems*
  • Cell Line
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Ciliopathies / diagnostic imaging*
  • Ciliopathies / genetics*
  • Diagnostic Imaging / methods*
  • Eye Proteins / genetics*
  • Gene Editing
  • Gene Knockout Techniques
  • Guidelines as Topic
  • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
  • Mutation, Missense
  • Retina / diagnostic imaging
  • Retinal Degeneration / diagnostic imaging
  • Retinal Degeneration / genetics
  • Retinitis Pigmentosa / diagnostic imaging
  • Retinitis Pigmentosa / genetics

Substances

  • Eye Proteins
  • PRPF31 protein, human