Myopic foveoschisis, also known as myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) or myopic macular schisis, is a relatively rare entity that affects eyes with pathological myopia (-6.00 diopters or more of myopia). These eyes often have a posterior staphyloma, which has been implicated as an etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of MTM. Patients of myopic foveoschisis usually present with a gradual, often progressive, painless diminution of vision in either or both eyes, which may be affected simultaneously or sequentially.
Foveoschisis was first described by Takano and Kishi in 1999, as a split in the layers of retina at the fovea, in eyes with posterior staphyloma. In the past, the diagnosis of MTM was difficult because of high myopic eyes offering a poor contrast when being examined by an ophthalmoscope. With the addition of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), the early recognition and prompt treatment of myopic foveoschisis have been made possible.
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