Teredinidae (shipworms) is a family of marine wood-boring bivalves that has an important role in the degradation of wood through its symbiotic relationship with cellulolytic bacteria. To evaluate the rate of degradation of wood by teredinids in two sites with different oceanographic conditions in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, artificial structures composed of pine wood sheets were immersed in the ocean for three months at Arraial do Cabo in an area under the influence of upwelling, and at Ilha Grande Bay under tropical and oligotrophic influences. After the immersion period, teredinids were removed from the collectors, identified, and counted. Wood consumption by the teredinids was quantified by comparing the dry weights of the collectors before and after immersion. Associated bacteria were isolated and their cellulolytic activities evaluated at different temperatures and salinities. Two Teredinidae species were recorded: Bankia gouldi and Lyrodus floridanus. The highest wood degradation rate and enzymatic activities of the isolated bacterial strains were recorded at Arraial do Cabo, suggesting that upwelling influenced the activities of those species.