1 Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; William Novick Global Cardiac Alliance, Memphis, Tennessee.
2 William Novick Global Cardiac Alliance, Memphis, Tennessee; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Global Surgery Institute, Memphis, Tennessee.
3 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
4 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
5 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Institute of Human Values in Health Care, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. Electronic address: sader@musc.edu.