There is no ideal marker or established immunohistochemistry panel to confirm urothelial differentiation. Immunohistochemistry must be always indicated in concrete differential diagnostic consideration. In this review article, immunohistochemistry will be discussed in the three different settings - distinction of benign and malignant changes of urothelium, the most frequent pitfalls and non-urothelial neoplasms of urinary tract.
Keywords: immunohistochemistry; nested-variant of urothelial carcinoma; prostatic adenocarcinoma; urothelial carcinoma; urothelial carcinoma in situ.